To enable an FTP server on an Ubuntu server, you can use the `vsftpd` package, which is a popular and secure FTP server for Unix-like systems. Here's a step-by-step guide to install and configure `vsftpd` on Ubuntu:
### Step 1: Update your package list
First, ensure your package list is up-to-date by running:
```bash
sudo apt update
```
### Step 2: Install `vsftpd`
Install the `vsftpd` package using the following command:
```bash
sudo apt install vsftpd
```
### Step 3: Backup the default configuration file
Before making changes, it's a good idea to back up the original configuration file:
```bash
sudo cp /etc/vsftpd.conf /etc/vsftpd.conf.bak
```
### Step 4: Configure `vsftpd`
Open the configuration file using a text editor:
```bash
sudo nano /etc/vsftpd.conf
```
Make the following changes to the configuration file:
1. Uncomment the following lines by removing the `#` at the beginning:
```plaintext
write_enable=YES
local_umask=022
chroot_local_user=YES
```
2. Add or modify the following lines to enable passive mode and set the user list:
```plaintext
pasv_enable=YES
pasv_min_port=10000
pasv_max_port=10100
userlist_enable=YES
userlist_file=/etc/vsftpd.userlist
userlist_deny=NO
```
### Step 5: Create the user list file
Create the `/etc/vsftpd.userlist` file and add the users that you want to allow FTP access to. For example:
```bash
sudo nano /etc/vsftpd.userlist
```
Add the username of each allowed user on a new line. For example:
```plaintext
user1
user2
```
### Step 6: Restart the `vsftpd` service
After making the configuration changes, restart the `vsftpd` service to apply them:
```bash
sudo systemctl restart vsftpd
```
### Step 7: Adjust the firewall
If you are using a firewall (like `ufw`), allow FTP traffic through it:
```bash
sudo ufw allow 20/tcp
sudo ufw allow 21/tcp
sudo ufw allow 10000:10100/tcp
sudo ufw reload
```
### Step 8: Verify the FTP server
You can now verify that the FTP server is running and listening on the expected ports:
```bash
sudo systemctl status vsftpd
```
### Step 9: Connect to the FTP server
You can test your FTP server using an FTP client. You can use command-line FTP clients like `ftp` or GUI clients like FileZilla. Here’s how to connect using the command line:
```bash
ftp your_server_ip
```
Replace `your_server_ip` with the actual IP address of your server.
### Additional Security Configurations (Optional)
For added security, consider the following optional configurations:
1. **Disable anonymous access**:
Make sure the following line is set to `NO` in the `/etc/vsftpd.conf` file:
```plaintext
anonymous_enable=NO
```
2. **Enable SSL/TLS**:
To secure your FTP server with SSL/TLS, you’ll need to configure `vsftpd` to use SSL certificates.
### Conclusion
Following these steps will set up a basic FTP server using `vsftpd` on Ubuntu. Adjust the configuration further based on your security and functional requirements.
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