Nextcloud Installation 2.0 #server #cloud #cloudserver

-

 To install Nextcloud and host your files on a Linux server (like the one running Zorin OS), follow these step-by-step instructions. This guide will cover the installation of Nextcloud using a LAMP stack (Linux, Apache, MySQL/MariaDB, PHP).


### Step 1: Update Your System

Before installing any packages, it's good practice to update your system:


```bash

sudo apt update

sudo apt upgrade -y

```


### Step 2: Install Apache Web Server

Nextcloud requires a web server, and we'll use Apache in this setup.


```bash

sudo apt install apache2 -y

```


Start and enable Apache to run on boot:


```bash

sudo systemctl start apache2

sudo systemctl enable apache2

```


### Step 3: Install MySQL/MariaDB

Nextcloud uses a database to store its data. You can choose between MySQL and MariaDB.


Install MariaDB (recommended):


```bash

sudo apt install mariadb-server mariadb-client -y

```


Secure the MariaDB installation:


```bash

sudo mysql_secure_installation

```


During the secure installation, you’ll be prompted to:

- Enter the root password (if it's the first time, press Enter for no password).

- Set a root password.

- Remove anonymous users.

- Disallow root login remotely.

- Remove test databases.

- Reload privilege tables.


### Step 4: Create a Database for Nextcloud

Log in to MySQL/MariaDB as the root user:


```bash

sudo mysql -u root -p

```


Create a database and user for Nextcloud:


```sql

CREATE DATABASE nextcloud;

CREATE USER 'maverick'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'strong_password';

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nextcloud.* TO 'maverick'@'localhost';

FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

EXIT;

```


Replace `strong_password` with a secure password.


### Step 5: Install PHP and Required Extensions

Nextcloud is built with PHP, so you'll need to install PHP and some extensions.


```bash

sudo apt install php libapache2-mod-php php-mysql php-gd php-json php-curl php-mbstring php-intl php-imagick php-xml php-zip php-xmlrpc php-gmp -y

```


### Step 6: Download and Install Nextcloud

Go to the `/var/www/` directory:


```bash

cd /var/www/

```


Download the latest version of Nextcloud:


```bash

sudo wget https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/nextcloud-27.0.0.zip

```


Extract the downloaded archive:


```bash

sudo apt install unzip -y

sudo unzip nextcloud-27.0.0.zip

```


Set the correct permissions:


```bash

sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/nextcloud/

sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/nextcloud/

```


### Step 7: Configure Apache for Nextcloud

Create a new Apache configuration file for Nextcloud:


```bash

sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/nextcloud.conf

```


Add the following content to the file:


```apache

<VirtualHost *:80>

    DocumentRoot /var/www/nextcloud/

    ServerName your_domain_or_IP


    <Directory /var/www/nextcloud/>

        Require all granted

        AllowOverride All

        Options FollowSymLinks MultiViews

        <IfModule mod_dav.c>

            Dav off

        </IfModule>

    </Directory>


    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/nextcloud_error.log

    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/nextcloud_access.log combined

</VirtualHost>

```


Replace `your_domain_or_IP` with your domain name or server IP address.


Enable the new site and the necessary Apache modules:


```bash

sudo a2ensite nextcloud.conf

sudo a2enmod rewrite headers env dir mime

sudo systemctl restart apache2

```


### Step 8: Complete the Nextcloud Installation via Web Interface

Open your web browser and navigate to `http://your_domain_or_IP`. You should see the Nextcloud setup page.


1. **Create an Admin Account:**

   - Enter a username and password for the admin account.


2. **Database Configuration:**

   - Database user: `maverick`

   - Database password: The password you set earlier

   - Database name: `nextcloud`

   - Database host: `localhost`


3. **Data Folder:**

   - The default is `/var/www/nextcloud/data/`, but you can change this if needed.


Click "Finish Setup."


### Step 9: Secure Nextcloud with HTTPS (Optional but Recommended)

To secure your Nextcloud installation, you should use HTTPS. If you have a domain name, you can use Let's Encrypt to get a free SSL certificate.


1. **Install Certbot:**


   ```bash

   sudo apt install certbot python3-certbot-apache -y

   ```


2. **Obtain an SSL Certificate:**


   ```bash

   sudo certbot --apache -d your_domain_or_IP

   ```


3. **Follow the prompts to set up HTTPS.**


### Step 10: Access Nextcloud and Start Hosting Files

Now that Nextcloud is set up, you can start using it to host files. You can upload files via the web interface, or sync them using the Nextcloud desktop or mobile apps.


### Optional: Install and Configure the Nextcloud Client

Nextcloud provides clients for syncing files across your devices. You can download and install the client from the official Nextcloud website for Linux, Windows, macOS, Android, and iOS.


### Conclusion

You've successfully installed and configured Nextcloud on your Linux server. You can now host and manage files securely and access them from any device.


The error you're encountering typically occurs when the database user (`maverick@localhost`) doesn't have the necessary permissions to connect to the database, or when the password is incorrect. Here's how you can resolve this issue:


### Step 1: Verify Database User Permissions

1. **Log in to MySQL/MariaDB as the root user:**


   ```bash

   sudo mysql -u root -p

   ```


2. **Check the user privileges:**


   Run the following command to see if the `maverick@localhost` user exists and has the necessary privileges:


   ```sql

   SELECT user, host FROM mysql.user;

   ```


   If you see `maverick` listed with `localhost` as the host, proceed to the next step. If not, create the user or adjust permissions.


3. **Grant necessary privileges:**


   Grant full privileges to the `maverick@localhost` user for the Nextcloud database:


   ```sql

   GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nextcloud.* TO 'maverick'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'your_password';

   FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

   EXIT;

   ```


   Replace `your_password` with the actual password for the `maverick` user.


### Step 2: Test Database Connection

Before proceeding with the Nextcloud setup again, test the connection to ensure that the user can access the database:


```bash

mysql -u maverick -p

```


If you can log in successfully, the user has the correct privileges.


### Step 3: Restart Apache

Restart Apache to apply any changes:


```bash

sudo systemctl restart apache2

```


### Step 4: Retry Nextcloud Installation

Navigate back to your Nextcloud setup page (`http://your_domain_or_IP`) and try creating the admin user again. Ensure the database configuration fields are correctly filled:


- **Database user:** `maverick`

- **Database password:** `your_password`

- **Database name:** `nextcloud`

- **Database host:** `localhost`


### Conclusion

By granting the correct privileges and ensuring the user can connect to the database, the issue should be resolved, allowing you to proceed with the Nextcloud installation.


Xtra

The storage usage in Nextcloud comes from the data stored within the platform, including files, photos, videos, and documents uploaded by users. Here’s a breakdown of where this storage usage originates and how it’s managed:


### 1. **User Files and Data**

   - **Uploaded Files**: All files uploaded by users (documents, images, videos, etc.) are stored in the Nextcloud data directory.

   - **Shared Files**: Files shared with other users or groups are stored in the same directory but are accessible to multiple users.

   - **App Data**: Certain Nextcloud apps may also store data (e.g., calendar, contacts, etc.) in the Nextcloud data directory.


### 2. **Data Directory**

   - **Default Data Directory**: By default, all user data in Nextcloud is stored in the `/var/www/nextcloud/data/` directory. This directory is specified during the Nextcloud installation.

   - **Custom Data Directory**: If you specified a custom data directory during setup, the data would be stored in that location instead. The storage usage includes all files within this directory.


### 3. **Database Storage**

   - **Metadata and App Data**: Nextcloud uses a database (MariaDB, MySQL, or PostgreSQL) to store metadata about the files (like file names, sizes, permissions) and data from certain apps (like calendars, contacts, etc.). The storage usage you see in the database is related to this metadata and app data.


### 4. **External Storage (if configured)**

   - **External Storage Options**: Nextcloud can be connected to external storage solutions like Amazon S3, Google Drive, or other network-attached storage (NAS) devices. Files stored on these external sources contribute to the overall storage usage as seen by Nextcloud, but the data physically resides on the external service.

   - **Mounting External Storage**: If you’ve configured external storage in Nextcloud, the files stored there will also be counted towards your storage usage, but they are not stored on the local server's filesystem.


### 5. **Temporary Files and Caching**

   - **Temporary Uploads**: During file uploads, temporary files might be created, contributing to storage usage until the upload is complete.

   - **Previews and Thumbnails**: Nextcloud generates previews and thumbnails for images and videos, which are stored in the data directory and contribute to storage usage.


### 6. **Backup Files**

   - **Versions and Trash**: Nextcloud has a file versioning system and trash bin functionality. Old versions of files and deleted files (until permanently deleted) are stored in the data directory, contributing to the storage usage.


### 7. **System Logs**

   - **Log Files**: System logs, including access logs, error logs, and app logs, are stored on the server and contribute to overall storage usage. These are typically stored in the `/var/log/` directory, but they are separate from the Nextcloud data directory.


### How to Identify Where Storage is Being Used


To determine where storage is being used:


1. **Check User Data**:

   - Look at each user's storage in the data directory (`/var/www/nextcloud/data/username/`) to see how much space their files are taking up.


2. **Examine External Storage**:

   - If you’re using external storage, check the usage on those services directly or through the Nextcloud interface.


3. **Database Size**:

   - Use `phpMyAdmin` or a command line to check the size of your Nextcloud database, which stores metadata and app data.


4. **Log Files**:

   - Check the `/var/log/` directory for large log files that might be consuming space.


5. **Temporary and Cache Files**:

   - Temporary files and cache files are usually in the Nextcloud data directory under subdirectories like `cache` or `tmp`.


### Conclusion

The storage used by Nextcloud comes from the combination of user files, database storage, external storage, temporary files, logs, and other app data. Understanding where your storage is being utilized can help you manage and optimize your Nextcloud instance effectively.

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

SAMBA SERVER 2.0 #server

-
 To share a folder on a LAN using Samba on a Linux system, follow these steps: 1. **Install Samba**: If it's not already installed, you need to install Samba. Open a terminal and run:    ```bash    sudo apt update    sudo apt install samba    ``` 2. **Create a Directory to Share**: Create the directory you want to share, if it doesn't exist. For example:    ```bash    sudo mkdir -p /srv/samba/share    sudo chmod 2775 /srv/samba/share    sudo chown nobody:nogroup /srv/samba/share    ``` 3. **Configure Samba**: Edit the Samba configuration file to add your share.    Open the Samba configuration file in a text editor:    ```bash    sudo nano /etc/samba/smb.conf    ```    Add the following configuration at the end of the file:    ```ini    [share]    path = /srv/samba/share    browseable = yes    read only = no    guest ok = yes    create mask = 0660    directory mask = 2770    force user = nobody    force group = nogroup    ```    This configuration sets up a share called "sh
Read more

Setup SSH for accessing outside from network

-
To set up port forwarding for SSH from a router to allow external access to a Kali Linux machine, you need to configure your router and ensure your Kali Linux SSH server is correctly set up. Here's a step-by-step guide on how to do this: ### Step 1: Configure SSH on Kali Linux 1. **Install OpenSSH Server** (if not already installed):    ```bash    sudo apt update    sudo apt install openssh-server    ``` 2. **Start and Enable SSH Service**:    ```bash    sudo systemctl start ssh    sudo systemctl enable ssh    ``` 3. **Check SSH Status**:    ```bash    sudo systemctl status ssh    ``` 4. **Optional: Change Default SSH Port** (for security):    Edit the SSH configuration file:    ```bash    sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config    ```    Change the line:    ```    #Port 22    ```    to something like:    ```    Port 8022    ```    Save the file and restart the SSH service:    ```bash    sudo systemctl restart ssh    ``` ### Step 2: Configure Port Forwarding on the Router Since router inter
Read more

Speech tools - espeak and festival etc.

-
 Using speech tools in Kali Linux involves installing and utilizing various software packages designed for speech processing, synthesis, and recognition. Here are the steps to get you started: 1. Install Required Packages Kali Linux is based on Debian, so you can use apt to install the necessary packages. Some popular speech tools include espeak , festival , and pocketsphinx . Install espeak espeak is a compact open-source software speech synthesizer for English and other languages. sudo apt update sudo apt install espeak You can test espeak by running: espeak "Hello, this is a test of the espeak system." Install festival festival is a general-purpose, multi-lingual speech synthesis system. sudo apt install festival You can test festival by running: echo "Hello, this is a test of the festival system." | festival --tts Install pocketsphinx pocketsphinx is a lightweight speech recognition engine from CMU Sphinx. sudo apt install pocketsphinx pocketsphinx-en-us Yo
Read more